Epidemiology characteristics and trends of incidence and morphology of stomach cancer in Iran

Background: Stomach cancer is the fourth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death through the world. It is predicted that the number of new cancer cases will be more than 15 million cases by 2020. Regarding the lack of studies on this topic in the country, we have thoroughly examined the patho-epidemiology of stomach cancer in Iran. Materials and Methods: In this cross- sectional study data were collected retrospectively reviewing all new stomach cancer patients in Cancer Registry Center report of health deputy for Iran during a 6-year period (2003-2008). The study also examined the morphology of common stomach cancers. Trends in incidence and morphology underwent joinpoint regression analysis. Results: During the six-year period, a total of 35,171 cases of stomach cancer were registered. Average age standardized rate for females and males were equal to 7.1 and 15.1 per 100,000 persons, respectively. Most common histological type was adenocarcinoma, NOS with 21,980 cases (62.50). The annual percentage change (APC) in age-standardized incidence rate (per 100,000) was increase in both females and males at 11.1 (CI: 4.3 to 18.3) and 9.2 (CI: 5.2 to 13.4), respectively. Conclusions: According to our results, the incidence of gastric cancer is increasing in Iran, so further epidemiological studies into the etiology and early detection are essential

Epidemiology characteristics and trends of lung cancer incidence in Iran

Background: Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world and a major cause of death from cancer. One of the important indicators to compare the prevalence and incidence of the disease is a change in the trend. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the incidence of lung cancer in Iran. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted based on existing data obtained from a national registry of cancer cases and the Disease Management Center of Ministry of Health in Iran. All cases registered in the country were included during 2003-2008. Incidence rates were reported based on the direct method and standard population of World Health Organization. The study also examined the morphology of common lung cancers. Trends in incidence underwent joinpoint regression analysis. Results: Based on the results of this study, 14,403 cases of lung cancer have been recorded of which 10,582 cases were in men and 3,821 in women. Highest incidence rates were observed in the 80-84 age group. Considerable variation across provinces was evident. In females squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) demonstrated a reduction from 24 to 16 of lesions over the period of study, while adenocarcinoma rose from 21 to 29. In males a similar reduction in SCC was apparent (42 to 29, again with increase in AC (13 to 18). Conclusions: The results show that the increase in the incidence of lung cancer the trend is that more men than women and in men and may be caused by changes in smoking pattern. The incidence of lung cancer in the North West and West provinces was higher than in other regions

Trends in colorectal cancer incidence in Iran

Background and purpose: Colorectal cancer is the most common gastrointestinal cancer throughout the world. Knowledge about the disease incidence and its changes over time can be useful in planning for the prevention and cause detection, therefore this study aimed at investigating the incidence of gastric cancer in Iran. Materials and methods: This study was a reanalysis of existing data. We used the information published by National Cancer Registry System in Iran that were recorded between 2003- 2009. The incidence rates were then standardized using direct method by the World Health Organization standard population, and the incidence of this disease was determined. Results: The total number of colorectal cancers was 31,974 cases. Most cases were observed in 2009 and lowest rate was seen in 2003. The highest and lowest incident rates for men were found in Tehran province (2008) and South Khorasan Province (2007), respectively. For women the highest incidence of disease was recorded in Gilan province in 2008 an d lowest reported in South Khorasan Province in 2008. Conclusion: This study showed increasing trend in incidence of colorectal cancer in Iran. The rate of the disease is also increasing throughout the world but this could be prevented with educational interventions, screening for early diagnosis, thereby treatment in younger patients. © 2015, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

Congestion-Aware Routing and Fuzzy-based Rate Controller for Wireless Sensor Networks

In this paper, congestion-aware routing and fuzzy-based rate controller for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is proposed. The proposed method tries to make a distinction between locally generated data and transit data by using a priority-based mechanism which provides a novel queueing model. Furthermore, a novel congestion-aware routing using greedy approach is proposed. The proposed congestion-aware routing tries to find more affordable routes. Moreover, a fuzzy rate controller is utilized for rate controlling which uses two criteria as its inputs, including congestion score and buffer occupancy. These two parameters are based on total packet input rate, packet forwarding rate at MAC layer, number of packets in the queue buffer, and total buffer size at each node. As soon as the congestion is detected, the notification signal is sent to offspring nodes. As a result, they are able to adjust their data transmission rate. Simulation results clearly show that the implementation of the proposed method using a greedy approach and fuzzy logic has done significant reduction in terms of packet loss rate, end-to-end delay and average energy consumption

L-carnitine reduces the adverse effects of ROS and up-regulates the expression of implantation related genes in in vitro developed mouse embryos

In vitro developed embryos are inevitably exposed to various reactive oxygen species (ROS) which may decrease the embryo's competence in assisted reproductive technology (ART) procedures. Optimization of embryo culture media using antioxidant agents could help to improve embryo quality and could overcome failures in current ART. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of L-carnitine (LC), an enhancer of mitochondrial activity and free radical scavenger, in culture media on early embryo competence and expression of ErbB1 and ErbB4 implantation related genes. Two-cell mouse embryos were cultured in the following four conditions: 1. LC group in media containing LC; 2.H 2O2 group exposed to H2O2 for 30 min and then transferred into a simple media; 3.H2O2+LC group exposed to H2O2 for 30 min and then transferred into a simple media containing LC; 4.the control group kept throughout in simple media. All groups were allowed to develop until the blastocyst stage. ErbB1 and ErbB4 expression were evaluated by Real-time PCR and immunocytochemistry. The expression of Sirt3 gene was also evaluated. Intracellular ROS levels were examined by DCFH-DA fluorescence intensity. In order to assess the morphological quality of the embryos, ICM and OCM number blastocyst cells were evaluated by using Hoechst and propidium iodide (PI) staining. ErbB1, ErbB4, ROS levels and cell number were compared across all in vitro groups. Our data reveal that LC significantly increases ErbB1 and ErbB4 gene and protein expression with intracellular ROS levels and Sirt3 gene expression significantly decreased after LC treatment. It is worth noting that an elevated cell number was observed in the LC-treated group compared with the other groups suggesting increased viability and/or proliferation. Our findings suggest that the use of LC could be helpful to improve preimplantation embryo culture media through its effects in decreasing ROS levels and the increase of implantation-related genes. © 2020 Elsevier Inc

Zircon U-Pb geochronology, geochemistry, Sr-Nd isotopic compositions, and tectonomagmatic implications of Nay (NE Iran) postcollisional intrusives in the Sabzevar zone

The mafic to felsic intrusive rocks of Nay (IRN) are located in the northeast of the central Iranian block. In this study, we present new major and trace element geochemistry, U-Pb zircon ages, and Sr-Nd isotopic data to discuss the origin of the IRN postcollisional units. The oldest units in the Nay area belong to Paleocene–early Eocene volcanic and pyroclastic series including basalt-andesite, latite, dacite, and tuff. These series are crosscut by subvolcanic and granitoid rocks with lithological composition varying from quartz gabbro to K-feldspar granite. The youngest igneous activity is represented by quartz monzodiorite dikes. Hornblende-biotite quartz monzonite from Nay granitoids was dated at 40 Ma (zircon U-Pb). The IRN rocks are metaluminous to peraluminous with high-K calc-alkaline and shoshonitic affinities. They display enrichment in light REEs [(La/Yb)N = 3.79–8.71] and LILEs (such as Ba, Th, Rb, U, and K), with depletion in HFSEs (such as Nb, Zr, Y, and Ti). All rocks have negative Eu anomalies [(Eu/Eu*)N = 0.17–0.88] and relatively flat heavy REE patterns [(Gd/Yb)N = 1.12–1.69]. Granitoids have initial 87Sr/86Sr values from 0.7053 to 0.7061 and εNd values from –1.65 to –0.02 calculated at 40 Ma. The geochemical composition of IRN rocks along with the low ISr and positive εNd values and mantle model ages of 0.6–0.8 Ga indicate that two end-members, enriched mantle and a continental crust, were involved in the magma generation. We argue that the Eocene IRN magmatism occurred as a postcollisional product by asthenospheric upwelling owing to the convective removal of the lithosphere during an extensional collapse of the central Iranian block.publishe

Penbactam for Helicobacter pylori eradication: A randomised comparison of quadruple and triple treatment schedules in an Iranian population

Background & study aims: Selection of the best drug regimens for eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection especially in patients at risk of peptic ulcer relapses and the development of complications is challenging. This study assessed and compared the efficacy of the two common PPI based triple therapies to a quadruple therapy including PPI, metronidazole, amoxicillin and a bismuth compound in Iranian population. Patients & Methods: Three hundred and thirty patients with peptic ulcer and H. pylori infection were included in the study. Patients were randomly assigned to one of the three treatment protocols all given twice daily: (a) A 14-day quadruple therapy (OMAB group) comprising omeprazole 20. mg, metronicazole 500. mg, amoxicillin 1. g, and bismuth subcitrate 240. mg; (b) A 14-day triple regimen (OCP group) comprising omeprazole 20. mg plus clarithromycine 500. mg and penbactam 750. mg and (c) A 14-day triple regimen (OCA group) comprising omeprazole 20. mg plus clarithromycine 500. mg and amoxicillin 1. g. Cure was defined as a negative urea breath test at least six weeks after treatment. Results: The per-protocol eradication rates achieved with both OCP regimen (87.0%) and OCA treatment (90.8%) were significantly higher than the OMAB treatment protocol (56.0%); however, no significant difference emerged in eradication rates between the two triple treatment schedules. No significant differences between the groups were found in most side-effects. Conclusion: Two-week quadruple therapy showed a lower eradication rate compared to common triple treatment schedules when used as first-line eradication treatment for H. pylori infection in Iranian population. © 2012 Arab Journal of Gastroenterology

Relationship between using cell phone and the risk of accident with motor vehicles: An analytical cross-sectional study

Purpose: Traffic accidents are one of the major health problems in the world, being the first cause of burden of illness and the second leading cause of death in Iran. The Sistan-Baluchestan province is one of the most accidental provinces of Iran with the highest rate of accidents-caused deaths. This study was conducted to determine the risk factors associated with traffic accidents in Zahedan through 2013 to 2016. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was carried out on 223 drivers from Zahedan who were traumatized by traffic accident and sent to Zahedan hospitals. The data were obtained through interviews taken by the trained interviewers via refereeing to the medical records and collected in the researcher-made checklist. Census was obtained from the study subjects. For data analysis, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Chi-square and logistic regression were used with the Stata software version 11.0. Results: In this study, 223 male subjects with the mean age of (32.54 ± 12.95) years, 39.8 single and 60.2 married, entered for investigation. Most accidents (38.8) occurred between 12:00 to 17:59. While driving, 47.1 of the study subjects were using cell phones, 89.1 had manual use of mobile phones, 21.9 had a habit of sending short message service (SMS) and 23.4 had sent SMS within 10 min before the accident. The one way analysis of variance showed that the mean age of individuals with marital status, driving experience, education and accident with motorcycle were significantly different (p < 0.05). Also, the multivariate logistic regression test indicated a significant relationship of smoking, ethnicity, insurance and SMS typing while driving with motorcycle accident (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In this study, SMS and smoking while driving had the highest risk among the variables studied in the motorcycle accidents. Therefore, effective education attempting to enhance people's awareness about the consequences of using cell phone and smoking during driving to reduce traffic accidents seems necessary. © 2020 Chinese Medical Associatio

A Simple and Efficient One-Pot Synthesis of 1,4-Dihydropyridine and Polyhydroquinoline Derivatives Using Phosphosulfonic Acid as a Heterogeneous Catalyst under Solvent-Free Conditions

Phosphosulfonic acid (PSA) was found to be an efficient catalyst for the one-pot three-component Hantzsch condensation reaction of arylaldehydes, ethylacetoacetate and ammonium acetate to afford the corresponding 1,4-dihydropyridine and polyhydroquinoline derivatives in high yields. PSA was also applied for the one-pot preparation of polyhydroquinolines via four-component reaction of arylaldehydes, ethylacetoacetates, dimedone and ammonium acetate. The main advantages of the present approach are short reaction times, clean reaction profiles, catalyst recyclability, and facile experimental and workup procedures

Detection of qacEΔ1, qacG, qacE, qacF resistance genes in Escherichia coli producing broad-spectrum beta-lactamases to benzalkonium chloride

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The resistance genes of quaternary ammonium compounds(qac) play an important role in the resistance of gram-negative bacteria producing broad-spectrum beta-lactamases to disinfectants. The aim of this study was detection of qacEΔ1, qacG, qacE, qacF resistance genes in Escherichia coli producing broad-spectrum beta-lactamases to benzalkonium chloride. METHODS: This study cross sectional-descriptive was conducted on 150 clinical samples of selected hospitals in Arak. ESBL strains were identified by using phenotypic methods of disc diffusion and combinatory disc method and evaluating the SHV, TEM, CTXM1 genes by genotyping method. The PCR was performed to determine the resistance genes qacEΔ1, qacG, qacE and qacF.The electrophoresis of PCR products and the MIC of benzalkonium chloride were relative to E. coli producing ESBL. Antibiotic pattern of Escherichia coli (ESBL), quadruple ammonium resistance genes and benzalkonium chloride MIC were also investigated. FINDINGS: This study showed that 60% of Escherichia coli were ESBL producer. The qacEΔ1 genes were observed in all of them and qacE, qacF, qacG genes were not found in any of the strains. The strains had MIC range from 32 to 64 mg/l for benzalkonium chloride. Resistance to carbapenems (33.33%) was observed. CONCLUSION: This study showed that qacEΔ1 resistance gene and resistance to disinfectant benzalkonium chloride increased. Also increased resistance to the antibiotics studied were observed in E. coli ESBL strains